The scientists ability to design and synthesize new genes and so the novel proteins is the most exciting progress made in the field of molecular biology about 35 years back. The gene and protein engineering has virtually transformed the stream of life sciences. It is now possible to change a protein by replacing and removing the existing or adding new amino acid residues. Even, two or more proteins can be fused together to form a new hybrid protein. In recent times, due to enormous development in genetic engineering and high-throughput technologies, protein engineering and its applications have become significantly important and popular. This field has grown and continues to grow rapidly. This volume represents an excellent collection of articles to help the readers catch up with the latest advancements made in the field of gene and protein engineering. Although, the temptation in compiling and finalizing this volume was to concentrate on applications, the basic technical introduction to the subject is also provided. The topics covered in this volume include: o Current advancements in next generation sequencing o Engineered small RNA for gene regulation and therapyo Micro RNAs as potential biomarkers for toxicity diagnosis in body o Apoptosis and genes involved in ito Gene expression profiling for cancer diagnosiso Characterization of craniosynostosis in Asian Indian children o Craniosynostosis and genetic engineeringo Recent trends in genetic engineering based fungal disease resistance in cropso Gene therapy for correcting birth defects and neurological disorderso Loop-mediated isothermal amplification and its alternatives in plant diagnosis approaches o Genetic engineering of citrus for useful agronomic traitso Production and industrial applications of genetically engineered xylanases o Proteomics study using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry o Protein engineering strategies for enzyme designo Production of recombinant therapeutic proteins in yeasto Rational design of fully mouse to fully monoclonal antibodies for immunotherapy o Peroxynitrite modified antigen as biomarker in systemic lupus erythematosuso Review on nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics o Genomic technologies for reducing the ant nutrients in legumes o Structural and molecular features of L-Tyrosines enzyme The volume 5 contains 20 chapters from 53 researchers and/or academicians representing 9 nations, namely China, India, Iran, Mexico, Oman, Switzerland, Taiwan, U.K. and United States of America giving an overview of the various research activities being carried out in different parts of the world in the field of Gene and Protein Engineering.